DSE 中文十二篇範文《魚我所欲也》語譯及結構分析_中、英語譯X雙語MP3配音
- 3月29日
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《魚我所欲也》
第一段_文言
魚，我所欲也，熊掌，亦我所欲也;二者不可得兼，舍魚而取熊掌者也。
生，亦我所欲也，義，亦我所欲也;二者不可得兼，舍生而取義者也。
生，亦我所欲，所欲有甚於生者，故不為苟得也;
死，亦我所惡，所惡甚於死者， 故患有所不辟也。
如使人之所欲莫甚於生，則凡可以得生者，何不用也;
使人之所惡莫甚於死者，則凡可以辟患者，何不為也?
由是則生而有不用也，由是則可以辟患而有不為也，
是故所欲有甚於生者，所惡有甚於死者。
非獨賢者有是心也，人皆有之，賢者能勿喪耳。
第一段_白話語譯
魚， 我所渴望的， 熊掌， 也是我所渴望的；
兩者不可以同時得到， 捨棄魚而選取熊掌。
生，亦是我所渴望的， 義，也是我所渴望的；
兩者不可以同時得到， 捨棄生而選取義。
生，亦是我所渴求的， 所渴望的超過生存， 因此不做這苟且偷生的事；
死亡，亦是我所討厭的， 所厭惡的超過死亡，
因此禍患也有不逃避的時候
假若人所渴求的(追求義)没有超過生命，
這樣所有可以求得性命的方法之中， 為何會有不選取的呢？
假若人所討厭的(放棄義)沒有超過死亡，
這様所有可以避開禍患的方法之中，為何會有不施行的呢？
所以就有求生的方法而不使用(的情況)，
所以就有可以逃避禍患的方法而不施行(的情況)，
因此之故，人所追求的東西，有些比生命更重要；
人所憎惡的東西，有些比死亡更嚴重。
不是只有賢者有這樣的心， 人都擁有它，
賢者能夠不喪失罷了。
第一段_英文翻譯
Fish is what I desire; bear's paw is also what I desire. If I cannot have both at the same time, I will let go of the fish and choose the bear's paw.
Life is what I desire; righteousness is also what I desire. If I cannot have both at the same time, I will let go of life and choose righteousness.
Life is indeed what I desire, but what I desire is something greater than survival; therefore, I will not do anything base to cling to life.
Death is indeed what I detest, but what I detest is something worse than death; therefore, there are calamities that I do not avoid."
If what a person desires (the pursuit of righteousness) does not exceed life itself, then why would they not use every means available to preserve their life?"
If what a person detests (abandoning righteousness) does not exceed death, then why would they not do whatever it takes to avoid calamity?
Therefore, there are ways to survive that one does not use, and there are ways to avoid calamity that one does not practice."
For this reason, there are things people pursue that are more important than life, and things people detest that are more serious than death.
It is not only the sage who has such a heart; all people possess it, but the sage is simply able to not lose it.
第二段_文言
一簞食，一豆羹，得之則生，弗得則死。
嘑爾而與之，行道之人弗受 ;蹴爾而與之，乞人不屑也;
萬鍾則不辯禮義而受之，萬鍾於我何加焉?
為宮室之美、妻妾之奉、所識窮乏者得我與？
鄉為身死而不受，今為宮室之美為之;
鄉為身死而不受，今為妻妾之奉為之;
鄉為身死而不受，今為所識窮乏者得我而為之，
是亦不可以已乎？此之謂失其本心。
第二段_白話翻譯
一筐飯食， 一碗帶汁的肉食，
得到它們便可以生存， 不能得到就會死亡。
大聲呼叱後才給予的， 路過的飢民不會接受；
踩踏過後才給予的， 乞丐不屑要；
豐厚的俸祿不辨別是否合乎禮義就接受它，
豐厚的俸祿對於我有甚麼增益9呢？
為了居所的華美、妻妾的服侍丶
所認識的窮人 感激我嗎？
過往使致身體死亡也不會接受它，
現今為了住宅的華美做了它 (不合乎禮義的事)；
過往使致身體死亡也不會接受它，
現今為了妻妾的服侍做了它；
過往使致身體死亡也不會接受它，
現今為所認識的貧窮人 感激我而做了它；
這様難道不可以停止嗎？
這就稱作失去自己的本心(重義之心)。」
第二段_英文翻譯
A basket of rice and a bowl of meat broth—getting them means life, and not getting them means death.
If given with a loud, abusive shout, even a starving passerby will not accept it;
if given after being trampled upon, even a beggar will disdain it.
Yet, if one accepts a handsome salary without distinguishing whether it conforms to propriety and righteousness, what benefit does this handsome salary bring me?
Is it for the beauty of a residence, the service of wives and concubines, or the gratitude of the poor people I know?
In the past, one would not accept it even if it meant the death of the body; today, one does it (things contrary to propriety and righteousness) for the beauty of a residence.
In the past, one would not accept it even if it meant the death of the body; today, one does it for the service of wives and concubines.
In the past, one would not accept it even if it meant the death of the body; today, one does it so that the poor people they know will be grateful.
Cannot this behavior be stopped? This is called losing one's original heart (the heart that values righteousness).
