DSE 中文十二篇範文《師說》語譯及結構分析_中、英語譯X雙語MP3配音
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《師說》
第一段_文言
古之學者必有師。師者，所以傳道、受業、解惑也。
人非生而知之者， 孰能無惑？
惑而不從師，其為惑也，終不解矣。
第一段_白話翻譯
古代求學的人必定有老師。老師，用以傳授道理丶講授知識丶 解答疑惑。
人不是一出生便知道知識的，誰能夠沒有疑惑？
有疑惑而不跟從老師學習，這樣便會成為疑惑，最終(疑惑)得不到解決。
第一段_英文翻譯
Ancient scholars must have had teachers.
A teacher is one who transmits the Way, imparts knowledge, and resolves doubts. Since people are not born with knowledge, who can be without doubts? If one has doubts and does not follow a teacher, those doubts will ultimately remain unresolved.
第二段_文言
生乎吾前，其聞道也，固先乎吾，吾從而師之；
生乎吾後，其聞道也，亦先乎吾，吾從而師之。
吾師道也，夫庸知其年之先後生於吾乎？
是故無貴無賤，無長無少， 道之所存，師之所存也。
第二段_白話翻譯
出生在我之前，他懂得道理本來就比我早，
我跟從他並向他學習，拜他作為老師；
出生在我之後， 他接收的道理同樣在我之前，
我亦會跟從他並向他學習，拜他作為老師。
我學習道理， 難道2要知道他的年齡在我之前或之後出生呢？
所以沒有尊貴和卑賤（的分別），沒有年長和年少（的分別），
道理存在的地方， 就是老師存在的地方。
第二段_英文翻譯
If someone was born before me and learned the Way before me, I will follow and learn from him; if someone was born after me but learned the Way before me, I will also follow and learn from him.
I am learning the Way; why should I care whether he was born before or after me?
Therefore, regardless of noble or humble status, regardless of old or young age, wherever the Way exists, there the teacher exists.
第三段_文言
嗟乎！師道之不傳也久矣！
欲人之無惑也難矣！古之聖人，其出人也遠矣，猶且從師而問焉；
今之眾人，其下聖人也亦遠矣，而恥學於師。
是故聖益聖，愚益愚，聖人之所以為聖，愚人之所以為愚，
其3皆出於此乎！
第三段_白話翻譯
唉！跟從老師學習的風氣己經失傳很久了！
想要人沒有疑惑亦很難了！古時賢明的人，他們的才學超越1一般人很多，
尚且跟從老師學習和提問；
如今的一般人， 他們及不上聖人很多，卻羞恥於從師學習。
聖人之所以成為聖人，愚人之所以成為愚人，所以聖人更加聖明，愚人更加愚蠢，
大概都出於這個原因吧！
第三段_英文翻譯
Alas! The tradition of learning from teachers has been lost for a long time! It is hard to expect people to be without doubts!
The ancient sages were far superior to ordinary people, yet they still followed teachers and asked questions;
the ordinary people of today are far inferior to the sages, yet they are ashamed to learn from teachers.
Therefore, the sages become wiser, and the foolish become more foolish. The reason why sages are sages and fools are fools probably stems from this!
第四段_文言
愛其子，擇師而教之，於其身也，則恥師焉，惑矣！
彼童子之師，授之書而習其句讀者，
非吾所謂傳其道解其惑者也。句讀之不知，惑之不解，或師焉，或不焉，
小學而大遺，吾未見其明也。
第四段_白話翻譯
愛自己的子女， 選擇老師教導他們，
對於自己本身卻把從師學習視為羞恥，實在是糊塗啊！
那些子女的老師，教導他們讀書和學習斷句朗讀的方法。
並不是我所說的用於傳授道理丶解答疑惑的老師。
句讀不懂，就向老師求教；疑難不解，卻不向老師請教。
小問題願意從師，大道理卻遺漏忽略，我看不出他的明智之處。
第四段_英文翻譯
They love their children and choose teachers to teach them, but for themselves, they consider it a shame to follow a teacher. How confusing!
Those teachers of children simply teach them to read books and punctuate sentences; they are not what I call those who transmit the Way and resolve doubts.
When they don't understand punctuation, they seek a teacher; but when their doubts are unresolved, they do not seek a teacher.
They learn the minor things but discard the major ones; I fail to see their wisdom.
第五段_文言
巫、醫、樂師、百工之人，不恥相師；
士大夫之族，曰師、曰弟子云者，則羣聚而笑之。
問之，則曰︰「彼與彼年相若也， 道相似也。位卑則足羞，官盛則近諛。」
嗚呼！師道之不復，可知矣。巫、醫、樂師、百工之人，
君子不齒，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也歟！
第五段_白話翻譯
巫師 丶醫生丶 樂師丶各種工匠，不恥於互相學習；
士大夫這類人，說到老師、弟子，聚集在一起聊天的時候，就嘲笑他們
問他們就說「某人與某人年齡差不多，懂得的學問也接近
拜地位低的人為師會感到羞恥，拜地位高的人為師則認為有諂媚之嫌。」
唉！ 從師學習的風尚不能恢復，由此可以知道(原因)了。
巫師 丶醫生丶 樂師丶 不同行業從業者，
士大夫不屑，如今他們的智慧竟然反而比不上，
這真奇怪啊！
第五段_英文翻譯
Sorcerers, doctors, musicians, and various craftsmen are not ashamed to learn from one another. Among the scholar-officials, if one speaks of "teacher" or "disciple", they gather around and laugh at him.
If asked why, they say: "He and the other are of similar age, and their understanding of the Way is similar. To bow to someone of lower status is shameful, and to bow to someone of high official rank looks like flattery.
Alas! It is obvious why the tradition of learning from teachers cannot be restored. Sorcerers, doctors, musicians, and craftsmen are despised by gentlemen, yet now the wisdom of these gentlemen cannot even match theirs. How strange this is!
第六段_文言
聖人無常師，孔子師郯子、萇弘、師襄、老聃。
郯子之徒，其賢不及孔子。
孔子曰︰「三人行，則必有我師。」
是故弟子不必不如師，師不必賢於弟子；
聞道有先後，術業有專攻，如是而已。
第六段_白話翻譯
聖人沒有固定的老師，孔子曾拜郯子、萇弘、師襄、老聃為師。
郯子這類人， 他不如孔子的賢明。
孔子說：「三人行走在一起， 其中必定有我學習的地方 。」
因此學生不一定比老師差，老師不一定比學生賢明
知道的道理（各人）有先有後，
學術技藝（各）有（各的）專門研究，就是這樣罷了。
第六段_英文翻譯
Sages have no fixed teachers.
Confucius learned from Tanzi, Chang Hong, Shi Xiang, and Laozi.
People like Tanzi were not as wise as Confucius. Confucius said: "When three men walk together, there must be a teacher for me among them."
Therefore, disciples are not necessarily inferior to their teachers, and teachers are not necessarily wiser than their disciples. There is merely a difference in the sequence of learning the Way, and each has their own specialization in a specific field—that is all.
第七段_文言
李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，
六藝經傳，皆通習之；不拘於時，學於余。
余嘉其能行古道，作《師說》以貽之。
第七段_白話翻譯
李氏家族的子蟠， 年齡十七歲， 喜愛古文，
六藝的經文和詮注，全都通曉，
不受時俗（不從師）所拘限，向我學習。
我嘉許他能夠遵行古時跟從老師學習的方法，
寫《師說》送贈他。
第七段_英文翻譯
Pan, a son of the Li family, is seventeen years old and loves ancient literature. He has studied and understood the Six Classics and their commentaries. Unconstrained by the current customs, he studies under me.
I commend him for being able to practice the ancient way (of learning from a teacher), so I composed "Discourse on Teachers" to present to him.
