DSE 中文十二篇範文《六國論》語譯及結構分析_中、英語譯X雙語MP3配音
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《六國論》
第一段_文言
六國破滅，非兵不利，戰不善，弊在賂秦。
賂秦而力虧，破滅之道也。
或曰： 「六國互喪，率賂秦耶？」
曰：「不賂者以賂者喪，蓋失強援， 不能獨完，故曰弊在賂秦也。」
第一段_白話翻譯
六國滅亡，不是兵器(兵力) 不鋒利，軍隊作戰能力不佳，弊端在於贈送財物討好秦國。
賄賂秦國而損耗國力，是破滅的關鍵原因。
有人說：「六國相繼滅亡， 都是因為賄賂秦國嗎？」
回答：「 不賄賂的國家因為賄賂的國家滅亡。
因為失去強大的援助，不能獨自保全，所以說弊病在於賄賂秦國」。
第一段_英文翻譯
The destruction of the six states was not because their weapons were not sharp or their battles not fought well; the flaw lay in bribing Qin. Bribing Qin and thereby depleting their strength was the path to their destruction.
Someone might ask, "The six states perished one after another; was it all because of bribing Qin?"
I reply, "Those who did not bribe perished because of those who did bribe, because they lost strong support and could not survive alone. Therefore, I say the flaw lay in bribing Qin."
第二段_文言
秦以攻取之外，小則獲邑，大則得城，
較秦之所得，與戰勝而得者，其實百倍；
諸侯之所亡，與戰敗而亡者，其實亦百倍。
則秦之所大欲，諸侯之所大患，固不在戰矣。
思厥先祖父，暴霜露，斬荊棘，以有尺寸之地。
子孫視之不甚惜，舉以予人，如棄草芥。
今日割五城，明日割十城，然後得一夕安寢。
起視四境，而秦兵又至矣。
然則，諸侯之地有限，暴秦之欲無厭，
奉之彌繁，侵之愈急，故不戰而強弱勝負已判矣。
至於顛覆，理固宜然。
古人云：「以地事秦，猶抱薪救火，薪不盡，火不滅。」此言得之。
第二段_白話翻譯
秦國透過武力佔領其他國家，小的獲得城鎮，大的獲得城池，
相比秦國因六國奉獻而得到的（土地），與戰勝所獲得的土地，實際上相差百倍，
諸侯因討好秦國而失去的（土地），與戰敗失去的土地，實際上亦相差百倍。
因此秦國最大的慾望，諸侯最大的憂患，根本不在於戰爭。
想到其(諸侯的)先祖，冒着風霜雨露，斬除荊棘，
才有尺寸之大(形容土地之小)的土地。
子孫看待這些土地，十分不珍惜，全部 給予別人，就如拋棄小草 (形容輕賤之物) 。
今天割讓五個城池，明天割讓十個城池，然後得到一夜的安眠；
起床環顧四面邊境，秦國的軍隊又來到了。
然而諸侯的土地數量有限，殘暴秦國的慾望不會滿足(饜)，
奉獻的土地越加多， 侵略越急迫，
因此不用打仗，(各國的)強弱、勝負就已經清晰奠定了。
至於達到滅亡， 理所當然。
古人說：「用土地討好秦國， 猶如拋柴救火，柴木燒不盡，火不熄滅。」這
話說出了其中道理。
第二段_英文翻譯
Outside of what Qin conquered by force, they obtained small towns and large cities (through bribes). Compared to what Qin gained by fighting, this was actually a hundred times more ; what the feudal lords lost (through bribes), compared to what they lost in defeat, was also actually a hundred times more.
Therefore, Qin's greatest desire and the feudal lords' greatest disaster definitely did not lie in warfare.Thinking back to their ancestors, who braved frost and dew, and hacked through thorns and brambles, to acquire every inch of land. Their descendants viewed it with little regret, giving it all away to others as if discarding weeds.
Today ceding five cities, tomorrow ceding ten cities, and only then gaining one night of peaceful sleep. Waking up and looking at their four borders, the Qin army had arrived again.
However, the lands of the feudal lords were limited, while the desires of the cruel Qin were insatiable. The more frequently they offered land, the more urgently they were invaded. Thus, without fighting, the strong and the weak, the victor and the vanquished, were already determined. As for their ultimate overthrow, it was naturally reasonable.
The ancients said, "Serving Qin with land is like carrying firewood to put out a fire; until the firewood is exhausted, the fire will not be extinguished." These words grasp the truth.
第三段_文言
齊人未嘗賂秦，終繼五國遷滅，何哉？
與嬴而不助五國也。五國既喪，齊亦不免矣。
燕、趙之君，始有遠略，能守其土，義不賂秦。
是故燕雖小國而後亡，斯用兵之效也。至丹以荊卿為計，始速禍焉。
趙嘗五戰於秦，二敗而三勝。後秦擊趙者再，李牧連卻之
洎牧以讒誅，邯鄲為郡；惜其用武而不終也。
且燕、趙處秦革滅殆盡之際，可謂智力孤危，戰敗而亡，誠不得已。
向使三國各愛其地，齊人勿附於秦，刺客不行，
良將猶在，則勝負之數，存亡之理，當與秦相較，或未易量。
第三段_白話翻譯
齊國人未曾賄賂秦國，最終隨著五國亡國，為甚麼？
(是因為)幫助秦國而不幫助五國，五國已經滅亡，齊國亦不能倖免。
燕國丶趙國的君主，起初已有長遠謀略，
能夠守著他們的土地，堅守正義，不割地賄賂秦國。
因此燕國雖然是小國卻是較後滅亡，這就是用兵的效果。
直到燕國太子丹以荊軻(行刺秦王)作對抗秦國的策略，才加快亡國。
趙國曾五次與秦國打仗，兩次戰敗而三次戰勝；
後來秦國兩次攻打趙國(倒裝句)，李牧連續擊退它；
及至李牧因遭受讒言陷害被殺， (趙國首都)邯鄲淪為秦郡，
可惜趙國用兵對抗秦國未能堅持到最後。
而且燕國丶趙國處於(秦國) 幾乎完全革除滅亡的時刻，
可以說是計窮力竭，孤立無援，戰敗而滅亡，實在是沒有辦法。
假使三個國家（韓丶魏丶楚）各自愛惜他們的土地，
齊人沒有依附秦國，刺客(荊軻) 不以刺客為計行刺秦王，
良將(李牧) 還在，那麼(六國)勝敗的命運，存亡的命運，
假若與秦國較量， 勝負存亡，或許不易估量。
第三段_英文翻譯
The people of Qi never bribed Qin, yet they ultimately perished following the other five states. Why? Because they allied with Qin and did not help the five states. Once the five states were destroyed, Qi could not escape either.
The rulers of Yan and Zhao, at the beginning, had long-term strategies, were able to defend their land, and righteously refused to bribe Qin.
Therefore, although Yan was a small state, it perished later; this was the effect of using their military. It was not until Prince Dan used Jing Ke (for an assassination plot) as a strategy that they accelerated their disaster.
Zhao fought five battles against Qin, losing two and winning three. Later, Qin attacked Zhao twice more, and Li Mu continuously repelled them ; until Li Mu was executed due to slander, and Handan became a Qin commandery. It is a pity that their martial resistance was not carried through to the end.
Furthermore, Yan and Zhao were at a time when Qin had almost completely annihilated the others; it could be said their wisdom and strength were isolated and in peril. To be defeated in battle and destroyed was truly unavoidable.
If the three states (Han, Wei, Chu) had each cherished their lands, if the people of Qi had not allied with Qin, if the assassin had not been sent, and if the good general was still alive , then the outcome of victory or defeat, and the fate of survival or destruction, when contested against Qin, might not be easily measured.
第四段_文言
嗚呼！以賂秦之地，封天下之謀臣；以事秦之心，禮天下之奇才；
並力西嚮，則吾恐秦人食之不得下咽也。
第四段_白話翻譯
唉！ (假如六國)用賄賂秦國的土地，封賞為國家出謀獻策的臣子；
用侍奉秦國的心，禮賢天下的奇才；合力向西(對抗秦國)，
這樣我恐怕秦國人連飯也難以嚥下。
第四段_英文翻譯
Alas! If they had used the land bribed to Qin to reward the strategists of the world ; if they had used the heart of serving Qin to respectfully treat the extraordinary talents of the world ;
and joined forces to face west, then I fear the people of Qin would not have been able to swallow their food.
第五段_文言
悲夫！有如此之勢，而為秦人積威之所劫，
日削月割，以趨於亡，為國者無使為積威之所劫哉！
夫六國與秦皆諸侯，其勢弱於秦，而猶有可以不賂而勝之之勢；
茍以天下之大，而從2六國破亡之故事，是又在六國下矣！
第五段_白話翻譯
真悲哀啊！有這樣的形勢， 卻被秦國積累的威勢懾服，
(國力)每日逐漸減少因而走向滅亡。治國的人不要被積累的威勢脅迫啊！
六國和秦國都是諸侯，它們的威勢較秦國弱，但仍然有可以不賄賂而戰勝秦國的形勢；
假如有廣大的天下，卻跟從六國滅亡的步伐，這樣人?而就在六國之下了。
第五段_英文翻譯
How tragic! With such a situational advantage, yet they were coerced by the accumulated prestige of the Qin people, daily reducing and monthly ceding their land, leading to their own destruction. Those who govern a state must not let themselves be coerced by accumulated prestige!
The six states and Qin were all feudal lords; their power was weaker than Qin's, yet they still had a positional advantage where they could have won without resorting to bribery.
If, with the vastness of the whole empire today, we were to follow the precedent of the destruction of the six states, this would place us even lower than the six states!
