DSE 中文十二篇範文《出師表》語譯及結構分析_中、英語譯X雙語配音
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《出師表》
第一段_文言
先帝創業未半，而中道崩殂。
今天下三分，益州疲敝，此誠危急存亡之秋也!
然侍衞之臣，不懈於內; 忠志之士，忘身於外者，
蓋追先帝之殊遇，欲報之於陛下也。
第一段_白話翻譯
先帝開創的功業未到一半， 而中途駕崩(去世) 了。
現今天下被分割成三國， 益州人民疲勞， 物力困乏，
這實在是危險急迫的關鍵時刻啊！
但是侍衛大臣在朝廷內毫不懈怠（倒裝句）；
忠實的將士在外奮不顧身（倒裝句），
因為追念先帝的特殊的恩遇， 想報答在陛下的身上。
第一段_英文翻譯
The late Emperor's enterprise was not even half completed before he passed away in the middle of his journey. Today, the world is divided into three, and the state of Yizhou is exhausted and depleted; this is truly a critical moment of survival or destruction!
However, the ministers in the court are not slack, and the loyal officers out in the field risk their lives, because they remember the special treatment of the late Emperor and wish to repay it to Your Majesty.
第二段_文言
誠宜開張聖聽，以光先帝遺德，恢弘志士之氣;
不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失義，以塞忠諫之路也。
第二段_白話翻譯
實在應該開展聖明的聆聽，以發揚先帝所遺留的德澤，振奮擴大志士的氣節；
不應胡亂地輕視自己， 隨便引用不合道理的話，
以阻心誠進諫的道路。
第二段_英文翻譯
You should truly open your ears to the wise, to expand the late Emperor's virtuous legacy and encourage the spirit of ambitious men.
You must not unduly belittle yourself, nor use inappropriate words,
thereby blocking the path of loyal remonstrance.
第三段_文言
宮中、府中，俱為一體 ; 陟罰臧否，不宜異同。
若有作奸、犯科，及為忠善者，
宜付有司，論其刑賞，以昭陛下平明之治;
不宜偏私，使內外異法也。
第三段_白話翻譯
皇宮、 丞相府，皆是一體；
官員升職、降職和煲獎、批評 (的標準) ，不應不一致。
假如有為非作惡、觸犯法律，和盡忠為善的人，
應該 交予 官員，以判定他們的懲罰和獎賞，
以彰顯出陛下公正嚴明的治理；
不應該偏袒私情，使內外出現不同的準則。
第三段_英文翻譯
The palace and the prime minister's office are one entity; the standards for promotion, demotion, reward, and punishment should not differ. If there are those who do evil, violate the laws, or those who are loyal and good, they should be handed over to the appropriate officials to decide their punishments or rewards,
in order to show Your Majesty's fair and clear governance.
You should not show partiality, causing different laws to apply inside and outside the court.
第四段_文言
侍中、侍郎郭攸之、費禕、董允等，此皆良實，
志慮忠純，是以先帝簡拔以遺陛下。
愚以為宮中之事，事無大小， 悉以咨之，
然後施行，必能裨補闕漏，有所廣益。
將軍向寵，性行淑均，曉暢軍事，試用於昔日，
先帝稱之曰「能」，是以眾議舉寵為督。
愚以為營中之事，事無大小，悉以咨之，
必能使行陣和睦，優劣得所也。
第四段_白話翻譯
侍中郭攸之、 費禕，侍郎董充等，這都是善良忠實的人，
志向和心思忠誠純正， 所以先帝挑選以給予陛下。
我(自謙) 認為宮中的事，事情無論大小，全部6都詢問他們，
然後實行，必定能彌補缺憾和遺漏之處，增添益處。
將軍向寵，
性格和善，為人公正， 精通軍事，以往被任用(假裝句)，
先帝稱讚他「能幹」，所以眾人商議推舉向寵為中部督。
我認為軍營中的事， 事情無論大小，全部都詢問他，一定能使軍隊和睦，
讓才能高低不同的將士都會被安排擔當適當的職位。
第四段_英文翻譯
Ministers such as Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, and Dong Yun are all good and honest men,
whose thoughts and ambitions are loyal and pure. Therefore, the late Emperor selected them to leave to Your Majesty.
I humbly believe that for affairs in the palace, great or small, you should consult them before acting; this will surely cover any deficiencies and bring broad benefits.
General Xiang Chong is of a gentle and just character, well-versed in military affairs.
When he was employed in the past, the late Emperor praised him as "capable", so the people recommended him as the central commander.
I believe that for affairs in the camp, great or small, you should consult him;
this will surely harmonize the troops and ensure everyone is placed according to their abilities.
第五段_文言
親賢臣，遠小人，此先漢所以興隆也;
親小人，遠賢臣，此後漢所以傾頹也。
先帝在時，每與臣論此事，未嘗不歎息痛恨於桓、靈也。
侍中、尚書、長史、參軍，此悉貞良死節之臣也，
願陛下親之信之，則漢室之隆，可計日而待也。
第五段_白話翻譯
親近賢臣，遠離小人， 這是西漢興隆的原因；
親近小人，遠離賢臣， 這是東漢傾覆哀敗的原因。
先帝在生時， 每次與我討論這事，
未曾不為漢桓帝及漢靈帝的事情感到遺憾和痛惜啊！
侍中、尚書、長史、參軍，
這全部都是忠貞、能以死明節的臣子，
希望陛下親近他們，信任他們，
這樣漢室的興隆， 無需很久便實現了。
第五段_英文翻譯
Draw close to worthy ministers and distance yourself from petty men; this was why the Western Han Dynasty prospered.
Draw close to petty men and distance yourself from worthy ministers; this was why the Eastern Han Dynasty declined.
When the late Emperor was alive, every time we discussed this matter, he never failed to sigh and express deep regret over Emperors Huan and Ling!
The palace attendants, ministers, chief clerks, and military advisors are all loyal and steadfast subjects willing to die for their integrity.
I hope Your Majesty will draw close to them and trust them; if so, the revitalization of the Han dynasty can be expected very soon.
第六段_文言
臣本布衣，躬耕於南陽，苟全性命於亂世，不求聞達於諸侯。
先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顧臣於草廬之中，
諮臣以當世之事; 由是感激，遂許先帝以驅馳。
後值傾覆，受任於敗軍之際，奉命於危難之間，
爾來二十有一年矣!
先帝知臣謹慎，故臨崩寄臣以大事也。
受命以來，夙夜憂歎，恐託付不效，以傷先帝之明。
故五月渡瀘，深入不毛，
今南方已定，兵甲已足，當獎帥三軍，北定中原，
庶竭駑鈍，攘除奸凶，興復漢室，還於舊都。
此臣所以報先帝，而忠陛下之職分也。
至於斟酌損益，進盡忠言，則攸之、禕、允之任也。
我本是平民， 在南陽親自耕作，
在亂世之中苟且 保存性命，不求在諸侯之間聞名顯達。
先帝不認為我見識鄙薄、地位低微， 紆尊降貴，
三次在簡陋的房子中訪問我(倒裝句)，
詢問我當世的事情；為此(知遇之恩)感到感激，
於是答應先帝為他四處奔走效勞。
後來正值兵敗， 在戰敗的時候受委任，
在危急災難時接受命令，
從那時以來已經有二十一年了。
先帝知道我謹慎， 所以在快要逝去時託付我重任。
接受使命以來，整日(早上與夜上)感到擔憂感嘆，
恐怕先帝及託付給我的事沒有成效，有損先帝的英明。
所以在五月渡過瀘水， 深入不生長草木的荒蕪之地7。
現今南方已平定， 兵器軍甲已經充足，
應該勉勵軍隊，北上平定中原，
意願8竭盡我平庸的才能(劣馬的愚鈍) ，剷除姦險凶惡的勢力，
興復漢室，歸回舊都（洛陽）。
這是我用來報答先帝，而用來忠心於陛下的職責。
至於考慮取捨利弊， 盡力進獻忠誠的意見，
就是郭攸之、費禕、董允的職責了。
第六段_英文翻譯
I was originally a commoner, personally plowing the fields in Nanyang, seeking only to preserve my life in turbulent times, not seeking fame or nobility among the lords.
The late Emperor did not consider me lowly or ignorant, but lowered himself to visit me three times in my humble thatched cottage, consulting me on the affairs of the time. Deeply moved by this, I promised to serve the late Emperor.
Later, when the army suffered a crushing defeat, I was appointed at the time of the collapse and took on the mission in the midst of danger; it has been twenty-one years since then!
The late Emperor knew I was cautious, so on his deathbed, he entrusted me with this great task.
Since receiving this mandate, I have worried and sighed day and night, fearing that the task entrusted to me would not be fulfilled, thus damaging the late Emperor's brilliance.
Therefore, in the fifth month, I crossed the Lu River and ventured deep into the barren lands. Now that the south has been pacified and the armor and weapons are sufficient,
we should encourage the army, march north to settle the Central Plains, exhaust my mediocre abilities to eradicate the treacherous and evil forces, revive the Han dynasty, and return to the old capital.
This is my duty to repay the late Emperor and show loyalty to Your Majesty.
As for weighing the pros and cons and offering loyal advice, that is the responsibility of Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, and Dong Yun.
第七段_文言
願陛下托臣以討賊興復之效;不效，則治臣之罪， 以告先帝之靈。
若無興德之言，則責攸之、禕、允等之慢，
以彰其咎。陛下亦宜自謀，以諮諏善道，察納雅言，
深追先帝遺詔。
第七段_白話翻譯 希望陛下託付我討伐逆賊、 興復漢室的任務；
沒有成效， 就懲處我的罪， 以告慰先帝的靈魂。
假如沒有發揚聖德的諫言，
就責備郭攸之、費禕、董允等的怠慢，
以揭示他們的過失。
陛下也應該自行籌謀，
諮詢幷（與群臣）商議出良好的治國方法，
觀察幷聽取正確合理的意見，
深切追念先帝駕崩傳頒布的詔書。
第七段_英文翻譯
I hope Your Majesty will entrust me with the task of suppressing the rebels and reviving the dynasty; if I do not succeed, punish my crime to console the late Emperor's spirit.
If there is no advice to promote your virtue, blame the negligence of Youzhi, Yi, and Yun, and reveal their faults.
Your Majesty should also plan for yourself, seek good ways to govern, observe and accept proper advice, and deeply reflect on the late Emperor's final decree.
第八段_文言
臣不勝受恩感激。今當遠離，臨表涕零，不知所云。
第八段_白話翻譯
我受到聖恩而感激不盡。
如今將要遠離， 面對奏表，眼淚落下，
不知道應該要再說些什麽了。
第八段_英文翻譯
I am overwhelmed with gratitude for the favors I have received. Now I am about to depart far away; facing this memorial, my tears fall, and I know not what else to say.
