黑板的起源和發展

黑板的前身

在十九世紀以前的英國，小學生們去上學，脖子上都挂著一小塊木板，上面貼著一張紙，寫著字母表或者祈禱文。通常人們將此稱爲“識字板”，這就是黑板的前身。

識字板的改革 1

每人一塊識字板的學習，後來被一些學校和教師做了改進，將板做的大一點，大約三十八厘米，然後挂在教室的前面。

識字板的改革 2

識字板從此由學生用具轉變成了教學用具。在紙和鉛筆還十分昂貴的年代，這給學生們省了很多錢。

19世紀-第一塊黑板

第一塊真正的黑板是由蘇格蘭教育家詹姆斯皮蘭發明的。他是老愛丁堡中學的校長，用自己發明的黑板和彩色粉筆來教地理課，讓學生們能夠反覆擦寫和練習。

1801年-引入美國

1801年，西點軍校的數學教師喬治·巴倫成為第一位在美國使用大黑板的教師。隨後，賽繆爾·豪爾於1829年申請了黑板的專利，並將松木板漆成黑色，這標誌著黑板在美國的正式使用

19世紀末-引入中國

黑板在中國的引入大約可以追溯到19世紀末至20世紀初。具體來說，黑板的使用在清朝末期和民國初期逐漸普及，尤其是在學校教育中。當時，隨著西方教育理念的傳入，黑板作為一種有效的教學工具被引入中國的學校。

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Origins and Development of the Blackboard

Predecessors of the Blackboard

Before the 19th century in England, elementary school students would attend classes with a small wooden board hanging around their necks, on which a piece of paper was attached, displaying the alphabet or prayers. This was commonly referred to as a "slate board," which served as the precursor to the modern blackboard.

Reforms to the Slate Board 1

The practice of each student having their own slate board was later improved by some schools and teachers, who created larger boards, approximately thirty-eight centimeters in size, and hung them at the front of the classroom.

Reforms to the Slate Board 2

From that point on, the slate board transitioned from a personal tool for students to a teaching tool. During a time when paper and pencils were quite expensive, this saved students a significant amount of money.

19th Century - The First Blackboard

The first true blackboard was invented by Scottish educator James Pillans. As the headmaster of the Old Edinburgh Academy, he used his invention, along with colored chalk, to teach geography, allowing students to repeatedly erase and practice their work.

1801 - Introduction to the United States

In 1801, George Barrell, a mathematics teacher at West Point, became the first educator in the United States to use a large blackboard. Subsequently, Samuel H. Houghton patented blackboards in 1829 and painted pine boards black, marking the official introduction of blackboards in America.

Late 19th Century - Introduction to China

The introduction of blackboards in China can be traced back to the late 19th to early 20th century. Specifically, the use of blackboards gradually became popular during the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic era, particularly in school education. At that time, with the influx of Western educational ideas, blackboards were introduced into Chinese schools as an effective teaching tool.