膠泥活字的起源和歷史
- ken chiu
- 2月10日
- 讀畢需時 2 分鐘
已更新：3月12日
早期印刷技術
印刷術的最早形式可以追溯到公元前三千年，當時的文明使用滾筒印章來製作印刷品，主要用於裝飾和宗教用途。
唐朝
隨著時間的推移，雕版印刷技術在中國逐漸發展起來，最早的雕版印刷實物可追溯到唐朝初期。
北宋 (膠泥活字)
活字印刷的發明：北宋時期，「畢昇」於1040年左右發明了膠泥活字印刷術，這是一種使用可重複使用的活字來進行印刷的方法。這一技術的出現大大提高了印刷的效率，因為活字可以根據需要進行組合和重用
1.膠泥活字 (做法)
「畢昇」用黏土製成字模，每字一模刻在突面反體，深度為1－2毫米，然後用火煅燒。
2.膠泥活字 (做法)
製版時，在四邊有框的鐵板上放一層松脂、蠟及紙灰，在鐵框上排放鐵條，在兩根鐵條間植以活字，植滿後再置另一鐵條，再行植字，直至整版植滿為止。
3.膠泥活字 (做法)
以火烘鐵板使松脂等融化，冷卻使活字固定在鐵板上。趁未冷前，以一平板在上面按平活字，印版即製成。
傳入國外
法國漢學家儒蓮曾將《夢溪筆談》中畢昇發明活字印刷術的一段史料翻譯成法文，他是最早將畢昇發明活字印刷術的史實介紹到歐洲的人。
Origins and History of Clay Typographic Printing
Early Printing Technology
The earliest forms of printing can be traced back to 3000 BC, when civilizations used cylinder seals to create prints, primarily for decorative and religious purposes.
Tang Dynasty
Over time, woodblock printing technology gradually developed in China, with the earliest physical examples of woodblock printing dating back to the early Tang Dynasty.
Northern Song Dynasty (Clay Movable Type)
Invention of Movable Type Printing: During the Northern Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng invented clay movable type printing around 1040 AD. This method utilized reusable movable type for printing, significantly increasing printing efficiency since the type could be rearranged and reused as needed.
Clay Movable Type (Method): Bi Sheng created letter molds from clay, with each character carved in relief on the surface, at a depth of 1-2 mm, and then fired in a kiln.
Clay Movable Type (Method): During the typesetting process, a layer of rosin, wax, and paper ash was placed on a framed iron plate. Iron bars were arranged in the frame, and movable type was inserted between two bars until the entire plate was filled.
Clay Movable Type (Method): The iron plate was heated to melt the rosin mixture, and once cooled, the movable type was fixed to the plate. Before it cooled completely, a flat board was pressed down to level the type, thus completing the printing plate.
Introduction Abroad
French sinologist Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat translated a section of "Dream Pool Essays," which documented Bi Sheng's invention of movable type printing, into French. He was among the first to introduce the historical fact of Bi Sheng's invention to Europe.